Etiology

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Musculoskeletal Pain
- Costochondritis or trauma may cause localized chest pain without significant EKG changes.
Anxiety or Panic Attack
- Chest pain with normal EKG; often associated with hyperventilation.

Electrolyte Imbalances
- Potassium, calcium, or magnesium imbalances can cause arrhythmias or EKG changes (e.g., peaked T waves with hyperkalemia).
Hypoxia or Anemia
- Reduced oxygen delivery can lead to ischemic changes.
Thyroid Disorders
- Hyperthyroidism can cause tachycardia or atrial fibrillation.
Drug Effects or Toxicity
- Certain medications (e.g., digoxin, antiarrhythmics) or recreational drugs (e.g., cocaine) can affect EKG and cause chest pain.
Infections or Sepsis
- May lead to myocarditis or metabolic changes impacting the heart.